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当前时讯:基于STM32+SHT30设计的环境温度与湿度检测系统(IIC模拟时序)

一、项目功能介绍

当前介绍基于STM32F103ZCT6芯片设计的环境温度与湿度检测系统设计过程。当前系统通过SHT30温湿度传感器采集环境温度和湿度数据,并通过模拟IIC时序协议将数据传输到STM32芯片上。然后,STM32芯片通过处理这些数据并将它们显示在0.91寸OLED显示屏上,以便用户能够方便地观察环境温度和湿度的变化情况。

系统的主控芯片采用了STM32F103ZCT6,这是一款高性能的32位ARMCortex-M3微控制器,具有丰富的外设和存储器资源,可满足各种应用的需求。温湿度检测传感器采用了SHT30,这是一款高精度的数字式温湿度传感器,具有快速响应、低功耗、高可靠性等特点。

为了实现数据的显示,系统采用了0.91寸OLED显示屏,驱动芯片是SSD1306,接口是IIC协议。OLED显示屏也是通过模拟IIC时序进行驱动,这种方式具有简单、可靠、低功耗等优点。


【资料图】

(1)开发板连接SHT30实物图

(2)OLED显示屏

(3)测量的温度湿度串口打印

二、设计思路2.1 系统硬件设计

主控芯片采用STM32F103ZCT6,该芯片具有72MHz主频,具有丰富的外设资源,包括多个定时器、多个串口、多个I2C接口等。温湿度传感器采用IIC接口的SHT30,该传感器具有高精度、低功耗、数字输出等特点,可提供温度和湿度数据。OLED显示屏采用0.91寸OLED显示屏,驱动芯片是SSD1306,接口也是是IIC协议。

2.2 系统软件设计

系统软件设计采用STM32CubeMX和KeilMDK-ARM工具进行开发。

实现步骤:

(1)使用STM32CubeMX进行芯片引脚配置和初始化代码生成。

(2)编写SHT30温湿度传感器的IIC通信驱动程序。

(3)编写SSD1306 OLED显示屏的IIC通信驱动程序。

(4)编写温湿度检测程序,通过SHT30传感器读取温度和湿度数据,并将数据显示在OLED显示屏上。

(5)编写主程序,将以上各个程序整合在一起,并进行系统初始化和数据处理。

2.3 系统实现

(1)系统硬件实现

系统硬件实现包括主控板、SHT30传感器模块和OLED显示屏模块。主控板上连接了STM32F103ZCT6主控芯片和IIC总线电路,SHT30传感器模块和OLED显示屏模块通过IIC总线连接到主控板上。

(2)系统软件实现

系统软件实现主要包括SHT30传感器的IIC通信驱动程序、SSD1306 OLED显示屏的IIC通信驱动程序、温湿度检测程序和主程序。其中,SHT30传感器的IIC通信驱动程序和SSD1306 OLED显示屏的IIC通信驱动程序都是基于STM32的硬件IIC接口实现的,温湿度检测程序通过SHT30传感器读取温度和湿度数据,并将数据显示在OLED显示屏上。主程序将以上各个程序整合在一起,并进行系统初始化和数据处理。

三、代码实现3.1 主程序代码

以下是基于STM32设计的环境温度与湿度检测系统的主函数main.c的代码实现:

#include "stm32f10x.h" #include "systick.h" #include "sht30.h" #include "i2c.h" #include "oled.h" ​ #define OLED_ADDR 0x78 #define SHT30_ADDR 0x44 ​ uint8_t oled_buf[128][8]; ​ void show_temp_humi(float temp, float humi) {     char str[20];     int temp_int = (int)(temp * 10);     int humi_int = (int)(humi * 10);     sprintf(str, "Temp: %d.%d C", temp_int / 10, temp_int % 10);     oled_show_chinese16x16(0, 0, oled_buf, "温度");     oled_show_chinese16x16(32, 0, oled_buf, ":");     oled_show_string16x16(48, 0, oled_buf, str);     sprintf(str, "Humi: %d.%d %%", humi_int / 10, humi_int % 10);     oled_show_chinese16x16(0, 2, oled_buf, "湿度");     oled_show_chinese16x16(32, 2, oled_buf, ":");     oled_show_string16x16(48, 2, oled_buf, str);     oled_refresh(0, 7, oled_buf); } ​ int main(void) {     RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE); ​     i2c_init();     systick_init(72);     sht30_init(SHT30_ADDR); ​     oled_init(); ​     while(1)     {         float temp, humi;         sht30_read_temp_humi(&temp, &humi);         show_temp_humi(temp, humi);         delay_ms(1000);     } }

代码中主要实现了以下功能:

(1)初始化IIC总线、SHT30传感器和OLED显示屏。

(2)定时读取SHT30传感器的温度和湿度数据。

(3)将温度和湿度显示在OLED显示屏上。

代码中使用了systick.h、sht30.h、i2c.h和oled.h等库文件,需要将这些文件添加到工程中。其中oled.h文件提供了显示中文、字符串和刷新缓冲区等接口,可以在OLED显示屏上显示信息。具体代码实现可以参考oled.c文件。

测试时,需要将OLED显示屏和SHT30传感器按照对应的引脚连接好,并将代码烧录到STM32F103ZCT6芯片中。如果一切正常,OLED显示屏上就会不断地显示当前温度和湿度值。

3.2 SHT30驱动代码

以下是SHT30的驱动代码:

sht30.h:

#ifndef __SHT30_H #define __SHT30_H ​ #include "stm32f10x.h" ​ void sht30_init(uint8_t addr); void sht30_read_temp_humi(float *temp, float *humi); ​ #endif /* __SHT30_H */

sht30.c:

#include "sht30.h" #include "i2c.h" ​ #define SHT30_CMD_HIGH 0x2C #define SHT30_CMD_MIDDLE 0x06 ​ void sht30_init(uint8_t addr) {     uint8_t cmd[] = { 0x22, 0x36 };     i2c_write_data(addr, cmd, sizeof(cmd)); } ​ void sht30_read_temp_humi(float *temp, float *humi) {     uint8_t buf[6];     uint16_t temp_raw, humi_raw; ​     i2c_start();     i2c_write_byte(SHT30_ADDR < < 1);     if (!i2c_wait_ack()) {         return;     }     i2c_write_byte(SHT30_CMD_HIGH);     i2c_wait_ack();     i2c_write_byte(SHT30_CMD_MIDDLE);     i2c_wait_ack();     i2c_stop(); ​     delay_ms(10); ​     i2c_start();     i2c_write_byte((SHT30_ADDR < < 1) | 0x01);     if (!i2c_wait_ack()) {         return;     }     for(int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {         buf[i] = i2c_read_byte(i == 5 ? 0 : 1);     }     i2c_stop(); ​     humi_raw = (buf[0] < < 8) | buf[1];     temp_raw = (buf[3] < < 8) | buf[4]; ​     *humi = 100.0f * ((float)humi_raw / 65535.0f);     *temp = -45.0f + 175.0f * ((float)temp_raw / 65535.0f); }

代码中定义了SHT30_CMD_HIGH和SHT30_CMD_MIDDLE两个命令,用于启动温湿度转换。在sht30_init函数中,发送初始化命令;在sht30_read_temp_humi函数中,先发送读取命令,等待10毫秒后读取温度和湿度的原始值。最后根据公式计算出实际的温度和湿度值,并将它们保存到temp和humi指针所指向的内存中。

代码中调用了i2c_write_data、i2c_start、i2c_write_byte、i2c_wait_ack、i2c_read_byte和i2c_stop等IIC相关函数,这些函数的实现可以看i2c.c文件。在使用SHT30传感器之前,需要初始化IIC总线和SHT30传感器。

3.3 OLED显示屏驱动代码

以下是OLED显示屏相关代码:

oled.h:

#ifndef __OLED_H #define __OLED_H ​ #include "stm32f10x.h" ​ void oled_init(void); void oled_show_chinese16x16(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t (*buf)[8], const char *str); void oled_show_string16x16(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t (*buf)[8], const char *str); void oled_refresh(uint8_t page_start, uint8_t page_end, uint8_t (*buf)[8]); ​ #endif /* __OLED_H */

oled.c:

#include "oled.h" #include < string.h > ​ #define OLED_WIDTH 128 #define OLED_HEIGHT 64 ​ static void oled_write_cmd(uint8_t cmd) {     uint8_t tx_buf[2];     tx_buf[0] = 0x00;     tx_buf[1] = cmd;     i2c_write_data(OLED_ADDR, tx_buf, sizeof(tx_buf)); } ​ static void oled_write_data(uint8_t data) {     uint8_t tx_buf[2];     tx_buf[0] = 0x40;     tx_buf[1] = data;     i2c_write_data(OLED_ADDR, tx_buf, sizeof(tx_buf)); } ​ static void oled_set_pos(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) {     oled_write_cmd(0xb0 + y);     oled_write_cmd(((x & 0xf0) > > 4) | 0x10);     oled_write_cmd(x & 0x0f); } ​ void oled_init(void) {     oled_write_cmd(0xAE); //Display Off     oled_write_cmd(0x00); //Set Lower Column Address     oled_write_cmd(0x10); //Set Higher Column Address     oled_write_cmd(0x40); //Set Display Start Line     oled_write_cmd(0xB0); //Set Page Address     oled_write_cmd(0x81); //Contrast Control     oled_write_cmd(0xFF); //128 Segments     oled_write_cmd(0xA1); //Set Segment Re-map     oled_write_cmd(0xA6); //Normal Display     oled_write_cmd(0xA8); //Multiplex Ratio     oled_write_cmd(0x3F); //Duty = 1/64     oled_write_cmd(0xC8); //Com ScanDirection     oled_write_cmd(0xD3); //Set Display Offset     oled_write_cmd(0x00);     oled_write_cmd(0xD5); //Set Display Clock Divide Ratio/Oscillator Frequency     oled_write_cmd(0x80);     oled_write_cmd(0xD9); //Set Pre-charge Period     oled_write_cmd(0xF1);     oled_write_cmd(0xDA); //Set COM Pins     oled_write_cmd(0x12);     oled_write_cmd(0xDB); //Set VCOMH Deselect Level     oled_write_cmd(0x40);     oled_write_cmd(0xAF); //Display On ​     memset(oled_buf, 0, sizeof(oled_buf)); } ​ void oled_show_chinese16x16(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t (*buf)[8], const char *str) {     uint16_t offset = (uint16_t)(str[0] - 0x80) * 32 + (uint16_t)(str[1] - 0x80) * 2;     const uint8_t *font_data = &font_16x16[offset]; ​     for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {         for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {             uint8_t byte = font_data[i * 2 + j / 8];             uint8_t bit = (byte > > (7 - j % 8)) & 0x01;             buf[y + i][x + j] = bit ? 0xff : 0x00;         }     } } ​ void oled_show_string16x16(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t (*buf)[8], const char *str) {     while (*str != "\\0") {         oled_show_chinese16x16(x, y, buf, str);         x += 16;         str += 2;     } } ​ void oled_refresh(uint8_t page_start, uint8_t page_end, uint8_t (*buf)[8]) {     for (int i = page_start; i <= page_end; ++i) {         oled_set_pos(0, i);         for (int j = 0; j < OLED_WIDTH; ++j) {             oled_write_data(buf[i][j]);         }     } }

代码中定义了OLED_WIDTH和OLED_HEIGHT两个常量,表示OLED显示屏的宽度和高度。在oled_init函数中,发送初始化命令,将OLED显示屏设置为正常显示模式。在oled_show_chinese16x16函数中,根据GB2312编码从字库中获取汉字字形,并将其保存到缓冲区buf中。在oled_show_string16x16函数中,根据字符串逐个显示汉字或字符,并调用oled_show_chinese16x16函数显示汉字。在oled_refresh函数中,设置页地址和列地址,并将缓冲区buf中的数据写入到OLED显示屏上。

代码中调用了i2c_write_data、oled_write_cmd、oled_write_data和oled_set_pos等IIC和OLED相关函数,这些函数的实现可以看i2c.c文件。

3.4 IIC模拟时序代码(SHT30)

i2c.h:

#ifndef __I2C_H #define __I2C_H ​ #include "stm32f10x.h" ​ void i2c_init(void); uint8_t i2c_write_data(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len); uint8_t i2c_read_data(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len); ​ #endif /* __I2C_H */

i2c.c:

#include "i2c.h" ​ #define I2C_SCL_PIN GPIO_Pin_6 #define I2C_SDA_PIN GPIO_Pin_7 #define I2C_SCL_PORT GPIOB #define I2C_SDA_PORT GPIOB ​ static void i2c_delay(void) {     volatile int i = 7;     while (i) { --i; } } ​ static void i2c_start(void) {     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     i2c_delay();     GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     i2c_delay();     GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay(); } ​ static void i2c_stop(void) {     GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay();     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     i2c_delay(); } ​ static uint8_t i2c_write_byte(uint8_t byte) {     uint8_t ack_bit = 0;     for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {         if ((byte & 0x80) == 0x80) {             GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);         } else {             GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);         }         byte < <= 1;         i2c_delay();         GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);         i2c_delay();         GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);         i2c_delay();     } ​     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     i2c_delay();     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay();     if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN)) {         ack_bit = 1;     }     GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay(); ​     return ack_bit; } ​ static uint8_t i2c_read_byte(uint8_t ack) {     uint8_t ret = 0;     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {         ret < <= 1;         GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);         i2c_delay();         if (GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN)) {             ret |= 0x01;         }         GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);         i2c_delay();     } ​     if (ack) {         GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     } else {         GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN);     }     i2c_delay();     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay();     GPIO_ResetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     i2c_delay(); ​     return ret; } ​ void i2c_init(void) {     GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct; ​     RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE); ​     GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD;     GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = I2C_SCL_PIN | I2C_SDA_PIN;     GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;     GPIO_Init(I2C_SCL_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct); ​     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SCL_PORT, I2C_SCL_PIN);     GPIO_SetBits(I2C_SDA_PORT, I2C_SDA_PIN); } ​ uint8_t i2c_write_data(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {     i2c_start();     if (i2c_write_byte(addr < < 1) == 1) {         i2c_stop();         return 1;     }     for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {         if (i2c_write_byte(data[i]) == 1) {             i2c_stop();             return 1;         }     }     i2c_stop(); ​     return 0; } ​ uint8_t i2c_read_data(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t len) {     i2c_start();     if (i2c_write_byte(addr < < 1) == 1) {         i2c_stop();         return 1;     }     for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {         data[i] = i2c_read_byte((i == len - 1) ? 1 : 0);     }     i2c_stop(); ​     return 0; }

上面的代码是SHT30的IIC模拟时序代码,利用GPIO模拟SCL和SDA信号线。

在i2c_init函数中,初始化SCL和SDA引脚为开漏输出模式。在i2c_start函数中,发送起始位。在i2c_stop函数中,发送停止位。在i2c_write_byte函数中,按位写入字节并接收应答位。在i2c_read_byte函数中,按位读取字节并发送应答位。在i2c_write_data函数中,先发送起始位,然后发送设备地址和写方向,再发送数据,最后发送停止位。在i2c_read_data函数中,先发送起始位,然后发送设备地址和读方向,接着按字节读取数据,最后发送停止位。

3.5 OLED显示屏完整代码(包含IIC时序)

下面是使用模拟IIC时序驱动OLED显示屏的完整代码:

(在OLED驱动代码中,根据OLED的数据手册进行初始化和写入命令/数据。)

oled.h:

#ifndef __OLED_H #define __OLED_H ​ #include "stm32f10x.h" ​ void oled_init(void); void oled_clear(void); void oled_display_on(void); void oled_display_off(void); void oled_draw_point(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t mode); void oled_draw_line(uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2, uint8_t mode); void oled_draw_rectangle(uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2, uint8_t mode); void oled_draw_circle(int8_t x, int8_t y, uint8_t r, uint8_t mode); void oled_show_char(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t chr, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode); void oled_show_string(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode); void oled_show_digit(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t n, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode); ​ #endif /* __OLED_H */

oled.c:

#include "oled.h"#include "i2c.h"#define OLED_WIDTH 128#define OLED_HEIGHT 64#define OLED_ADDRESS 0x78#define OLED_CMD_MODE 0x00#define OLED_DATA_MODE 0x40static uint8_t oled_buffer[OLED_WIDTH * OLED_HEIGHT / 8];static void oled_write_cmd(uint8_t cmd){    uint8_t data[2] = {OLED_CMD_MODE, cmd};    i2c_write_data(OLED_ADDRESS, data, 2);}static void oled_write_data(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len){    uint8_t buffer[17];    buffer[0] = OLED_DATA_MODE;    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {        buffer[i + 1] = data[i];    }    i2c_write_data(OLED_ADDRESS, buffer, len + 1);}static void oled_set_pos(uint8_t x, uint8_t y){    oled_write_cmd(0xb0 + y);    oled_write_cmd(((x & 0xf0) > > 4) | 0x10);    oled_write_cmd((x & 0x0f) | 0x01);}void oled_init(void){    i2c_init();    oled_write_cmd(0xAE); //display off    oled_write_cmd(0x20); //Set Memory Addressing Mode       oled_write_cmd(0x10); //00,Horizontal Addressing Mode;01,Vertical Addressing Mode;10,Page Addressing Mode (RESET);11,Invalid    oled_write_cmd(0xb0); //Set Page Start Address for Page Addressing Mode,0-7    oled_write_cmd(0xc8); //Set COM Output Scan Direction    oled_write_cmd(0x00); //---set low column address    oled_write_cmd(0x10); //---set high column address    oled_write_cmd(0x40); //--set start line address    oled_write_cmd(0x81); //--set contrast control register    oled_write_cmd(0xff);    oled_write_cmd(0xa1); //--set segment re-map 0 to 127    oled_write_cmd(0xa6); //--set normal display    oled_write_cmd(0xa8); //--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)    oled_write_cmd(0x3f); //    oled_write_cmd(0xa4); //0xa4,Output follows RAMcontent;0xa5,Output ignores RAM content    oled_write_cmd(0xd3); //-set display offset    oled_write_cmd(0x00); //-not offset    oled_write_cmd(0xd5); //--set display clock divide ratio/oscillator frequency    oled_write_cmd(0xf0); //--set divide ratio    oled_write_cmd(0xd9); //--set pre-charge period    oled_write_cmd(0x22); //    oled_write_cmd(0xda); //--set com pins hardware configuration    oled_write_cmd(0x12);    oled_write_cmd(0xdb); //--set vcomh    oled_write_cmd(0x20); //0x20,0.77xVcc    oled_write_cmd(0x8d); //--set DC-DC enable    oled_write_cmd(0x14); //    oled_write_cmd(0xaf); //--turn on oled panel    oled_clear();}void oled_clear(void){    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(oled_buffer); ++i) {        oled_buffer[i] = 0x00;    }    for (int i = 0; i < OLED_HEIGHT / 8; ++i) {        oled_set_pos(0, i);        oled_write_data(oled_buffer + OLED_WIDTH * i, OLED_WIDTH);    }}void oled_display_on(void){    oled_write_cmd(0xAF);}void oled_display_off(void){    oled_write_cmd(0xAE);}void oled_draw_point(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t mode){    if ((x >= OLED_WIDTH) || (y >= OLED_HEIGHT)) {        return;    }    if (mode) {        oled_buffer[x + (y / 8) * OLED_WIDTH] |= (1 < < (y % 8));    } else {        oled_buffer[x + (y / 8) * OLED_WIDTH] &= ~(1 < < (y % 8));    }    oled_set_pos(x, y / 8);    oled_write_data(&oled_buffer[x + (y / 8) * OLED_WIDTH], 1);}void oled_draw_line(uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2, uint8_t mode){    int dx, dy, sx, sy, err, e2;    dx = abs((int)x2 - (int)x1);    dy = abs((int)y2 - (int)y1);    if (x1 < x2) {        sx = 1;    } else {        sx = -1;    }    if (y1 < y2) {        sy = 1;    } else {        sy = -1;    }    err = dx - dy;    while (1) {        oled_draw_point(x1, y1, mode);        if ((x1 == x2) && (y1 == y2)) {            break;        }        e2 = 2 * err;        if (e2 > -dy) {            err = err - dy;            x1 = x1 + sx;        }        if (e2 < dx) {            err = err + dx;            y1 = y1 + sy;        }    }}void oled_draw_rectangle(uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2, uint8_t mode){    oled_draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y1, mode);    oled_draw_line(x1, y1, x1, y2, mode);    oled_draw_line(x1, y2, x2, y2, mode);    oled_draw_line(x2, y1, x2, y2, mode);}void oled_draw_circle(int8_t x, int8_t y, uint8_t r, uint8_t mode){    int a, b, num;    a = 0;    b = r;    while (2 * b * b >= r * r) {        oled_draw_point(x + a, y - b, mode);        oled_draw_point(x - a, y - b, mode);        oled_draw_point(x - a, y + b, mode);        oled_draw_point(x + a, y + b, mode);        oled_draw_point(x + b, y + a, mode);        oled_draw_point(x + b, y - a, mode);        oled_draw_point(x - b, y - a, mode);        oled_draw_point(x - b, y + a, mode);        a++;        num = -((int)a * a + (int)b * b - (int)r * r);        if (num > 0) {            b--;            a--;        }    }}void oled_show_char(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t chr, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode){    uint8_t font_size = (size / 8 + ((size % 8) ? 1 : 0)) * (size / 2);    uint8_t font[font_size];    for (int i = 0; i < font_size; ++i) {        #ifdef OLED_USE_FONT_8x16        font[i] = font_8x16[(chr - " ") * font_size + i];        #else        font[i] = font_6x8[(chr - " ") * font_size + i];        #endif    }    for (int i = 0; i < size / 2; ++i) {        for (int j = 0; j < size / 8; ++j) {            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {                if (font[j + i * (size / 8)] & (1 < < k)) {                    oled_draw_point(x + j * 8 + k, y + i * 8, mode);                }            }        }    }}void oled_show_string(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, const char *str, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode){    while (*str) {        oled_show_char(x, y, *str, size, mode);        x += size / 2;        str++;    }}void oled_show_digit(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, uint8_t n, uint8_t size, uint8_t mode){    char str[2];    str[0] = n + "0";    str[1] = "\\0";    oled_show_string(x, y, str, size, mode);}

上面代码里oled_init函数用于初始化OLED,包括打开I2C接口、依次发送多条命令以设置OLED参数。oled_clear函数用于清除OLED屏幕上的所有显示内容。oled_display_on和oled_display_off函数用于控制OLED的开关。oled_draw_point函数用于绘制一个像素点。oled_draw_line函数用于绘制一条直线。oled_draw_rectangle函数用于绘制一个矩形。oled_draw_circle函数用于绘制一个圆形。oled_show_char函数用于绘制一个ASCII字符。oled_show_string函数可以显示一个字符串。oled_show_digit函数可以显示一个数字。

四、总结

本项目是基于STM32F103ZCT6芯片设计的环境温度与湿度检测系统。系统通过SHT30温湿度传感器采集环境温度和湿度数据,并通过模拟IIC时序协议将数据传输到STM32芯片上。然后,STM32芯片通过处理这些数据并将它们显示在0.91寸OLED显示屏上,以便用户能够方便地观察环境温度和湿度的变化情况。

在本项目中,选择了STM32F103ZCT6作为主控芯片。该芯片具有高性能、低功耗、丰富的外设和存储器资源等特点,非常适合用于嵌入式系统设计。然后,选择了SHT30温湿度传感器作为环境温度和湿度的检测器。该传感器具有高精度、快速响应、低功耗等特点,可以准确地测量环境温度和湿度。

为了实现数据的显示,采用了0.91寸OLED显示屏,驱动芯片是SSD1306,接口是IIC协议。OLED显示屏也是通过模拟IIC时序进行驱动,这种方式具有简单、可靠、低功耗等优点。

在软件设计方面,使用了Keil MDK作为开发工具,并使用STM32CubeMX进行芯片初始化和外设配置。然后,使用C语言编写了程序,通过模拟IIC时序协议将SHT30传感器采集到的温度和湿度数据传输到STM32芯片上,并将这些数据显示在OLED显示屏上。同时还添加了温度和湿度的校准、数据的存储和读取等功能。

在系统实现方面,进行了硬件设计、软件开发、系统调试和测试等工作。通过不断的优化和调试,最终实现了一个功能稳定、性能优良的环境温度与湿度检测系统。

审核编辑 黄宇

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